乳酸菌发酵过程参数的研究

为准确、快捷地掌握乳酸菌发酵过程中主要参数的变化情况,通过KRH-BI0300型发酵罐控制系统、细胞密度监测系统、SHP8400PM过程气体质谱分析仪、生物传感分析仪等多种发酵过程分析检测手段,对乳酸发酵过程中乳酸菌活细胞数、尾气成分、葡萄糖及乳酸含量的变化情况进行测定。结果表明,应用多种现代化分析检测手段可以快速、精确地掌握乳酸菌发酵过程参数变化情况。该研究为乳酸菌发酵过程的优化控制及规模工业化奠定了基础。     

水生生物病原核酸适配体研究进展

核酸适配体(Aptamer)是指利用指数富集配体系统进化(Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)技术筛选得到的能特异性识别和结合靶标的ssDNA或RNA分子,具有高亲和力和高特异性的特点,在快速检测和靶向治疗方面应用广阔。近年来,水生生物细菌和病毒性病原疾病的频繁暴发,严重制约了水生态的健康以及水产养殖业的迅速发展。核酸适配体作为一种新型的识别分子,在水生生物病原的应用上也已取得了一些进展。本文对水生生物细菌和病毒性病原核酸适配体的筛选,及其在检测和治疗领域的研究现状进行综述,并对该领域核酸适配体技术的应用方向进行展望。     

涠洲岛两种石珊瑚在高温胁迫下共生细菌群落结构变化特征

石珊瑚中的块状珊瑚与枝状珊瑚对全球气候变暖胁迫的耐受能力明显不同,但其机制仍不清楚。本研究选择北部湾涠洲岛的一种属于块状珊瑚的海孔角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites halicora)和一种属于枝状珊瑚的浪花鹿角珊瑚(Acropora cytherea)为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验,分析高温胁迫下(26～34℃) 2种珊瑚共生细菌群落的响应特征。结果表明:共生细菌多样性具有差异性,A.cytherea共生细菌的多样性随着温度上升变化显著,Shannon指数由2.20变为4.05,而F.halicora变化幅度较小,在2.69～3.19波动;主导细菌存在差异,在门水平上,F.halicora占主导地位的共生细菌为Proteobacteria (29%～73%)、Cyanobacteria (7%～63%)和Bacteroidetes(3%～13%),而A. cytherea为Proteobacteria (49%～90%)、Cyanobacteria (1%～16%)、Bacteroidetes (3%～16%)、Firmicutes (1%～6%)和一个未分类的细菌门unclassified_k_norank(0.6%～21.0%);升温胁迫时,主导细菌的丰度变化存在差别,Bacteroidetes在F.halicora中显著降低,而在A.cytherea中显著升高,unclassified_k_norank在A.cytherea中也显著升高;随着温度升高,2种珊瑚共生细菌的变化趋势一致,但珊瑚中出现潜在致病菌Vibrio的温度不同,F.halicora在34℃胁迫时出现,A.cytherea在30℃和34℃胁迫时均出现。根据上述结果推测,珊瑚共生细菌的差异性可能是导致块状珊瑚比枝状珊瑚更耐受高温的重要原因。     

基于云模型的细菌觅食优化算法

针对细菌觅食优化算法收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部极值点出现早熟的问题,提出一种新的基于云模型优化的细菌觅食优化算法.首先给出了细菌灵敏度的概念,结合云模型随机性和稳定倾向性的特点,运用了X条件云发生器来调整细菌灵敏度,控制游动步长,进行了趋向性操作和复制操作,改进了标准的细菌觅食优化算法,提高了算法的收敛速度.然后利用正向正态云发生器,修正非线性自适应的迁移概率,进行了迁移操作,增强了算法的全局寻优能力.将该算法应用于自动组卷系统中,与遗传算法进行实验比较分析,结果表明:该算法的收敛速度与优化质量均优于遗传算法.     

一株氨化菌的分离鉴定及其氨化特性研究

从升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)中分离到一株高效氨化菌AHJ1,通过形态观察、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为球形芽孢杆菌;进一步探讨了UASB处理工艺各因素对AHJ1氨化特性的影响,结果表明在温度37℃,pH 6.0、装液量30%,氨化率可达58.62%,且在一定程度上抑制了厌氧处理中鸟粪石的生成.     

利用PCR-DGGE技术鉴定硝基甲苯类物质降解菌株

为鉴定光催化-厌氧好氧固定化微生物方法降解2,6-DNT和4-MNT的优势菌株,取连续运行40d的厌氧好氧反应器出入口的微生物样品.采用PCR-DGGE技术分离微生物,得到对2,6-DNT和4-MNT具有良好降解特性的优势菌种;发现厌氧反应器内不同位置微生物种类差别很大,好氧反应器内差别很小;反应器内有5种优势菌株:Delta proteobacterium,Pseudomonas stutzeri,Pseudomonas trivialis,Burkholderia cenocepa-ciaand Chryseobacterium sp.AKB-2008-VA6和1个未知菌株,以兼性厌氧和好氧方式生存.反应器运行期间,水质指标良好.     

海洋有害赤潮调控功能菌的发现与研究

近年来,赤潮的微生物调控研究受到了科学界的高度重视,"以菌治藻"的赤潮调控理念格外引人注目.先从国内外抑/杀藻菌及其作用方式的研究进展进行论述,再结合本课题组近年来筛选获得的海洋抑/杀藻细菌,探讨该类菌质资源的发掘与利用,最后对该领域研究进行了展望.     

地衣芽孢杆菌基因文库的构建及分析

作为一种高效无毒、无二次污染以及能够生物降解的水处理剂,生物絮凝剂受到越来越多的关注.以一株具有强絮凝活性地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)为实验菌,通过构建基因组文库,尝试筛选絮凝基因阳性克隆子.结果表明,该菌株基因文库构建成功,共得到2.1×103克隆子.随机挑取17个阳性克隆子进行DNA测序分析,发现一些相对保守蛋白及2个不具有明确功能的基因.该结果为进一步研究地衣芽孢杆菌全基因组结构功能及细菌絮凝基因奠定了基础.     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

Biogenesis of β-barrel membrane proteins in bacteria and eukaryotes: evolutionary conservation and divergence

Membrane-embedded β-barrel proteins span the membrane via multiple amphipathic β-strands arranged in a cylindrical shape. These proteins are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. This situation is thought to reflect the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from Gram-negative bacterial endosymbionts. β-barrel proteins fulfil a variety of functions; among them are pore-forming proteins that allow the flux of metabolites across the membrane by passive diffusion, active transporters of siderophores, enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins that mediate protein translocation across or insertion into membranes. The biogenesis process of these proteins combines evolutionary conservation of the central elements with some noticeable differences in signals and machineries. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the functions and biogenesis of this special family of proteins.